Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. [4] On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. [1][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. On October 19, 1838, the day after Gallatin was burned, Thomas B. Marsh and fellow apostle Orson Hyde left the association of the Church. . Initial reaction by Missourians was mixed. 10 Most Important Things You Can Say to a Mormon (The) 10 Questions & Answers on Mormonism [pamphlet] 41 Unique Teachings of the LDS Church; 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (The) 3,913 Changes in the Book of Mormon; A. Adam is God? Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River [1], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter Day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints live freely and happily among their neighbors, sharing smiles and goodwill with everyone they see. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . Rumor reached Far West that a Militia unit from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the Militia out of the county. [56], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. The Mormon War literallty changed the course of Missouri history.Caldwell and Daviess counties were carved out of the frontier specifically for Mormon settlers experiencing problems in Ray and other organized counties. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[100]. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. This scholarly book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his . Tensions built up between the rapidly growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. its a blog about my life. [84] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[87] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri [Volume 1] [ ] Used - Good at the best online prices at eBay! According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[18]. [35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. [114][115], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs's mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[116]. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. [74], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. [80] This literature review will focus on the time period from 1838 to 1839, during which the Mormon War took place. It won the best book award for the Mormon History Association. My fundamental claim is that the rhetoric of both sides in the 1838 Mormon War exhibited the signature strategies of Innocent III's ideology of anti-heretical crusade. They believed that the Indians were descendants of Israelites, and proselytized among them extensively. [111] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[112]. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became the new headquarters of the church. Address to All Believers in Christ (An) Address to All Believers in the Book of Mormon (An) "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). The 1838 Mormon War was a conflict that occurred between the Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in Missouri from August to November 1838. I was surprised to find out he was mapping Mormon history sites in Missouri as an undergrad. [4] An unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri.[5]. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. McBrier's house was among those burned. A company under the command of Captain Samuel Bogart was ordered to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties, in an effort to stop armed persons from Caldwell County from invading Ray County. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. . On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. This is how it was explained in a letter to US Army Colonel R. B. Mason of Ft. Leavenworth: While the state militia gathered, Missourian vigilante parties continued to act on their own, driving Latter Day Saints inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. [35] Reminding Daviess County residents of the growing electoral power of the Mormon community, Peniston made a speech in Gallatin claiming that if the Missourians "suffer such men as these [Mormons] to vote, you will soon lose your suffrage." [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City, Missouri. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[69]. 1838 Mormon War [48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. Published July 23, 2017. [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. 137 relations. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. Austin A. In mid-September 1838, Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County , Missouri. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri.During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War.There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. Phelps testified that throughout the summer and fall he received assurances from the citizens of Ray and Clay counties that no mobs were being raised against the Saints in that quarter.66 William Swartzell, a Mormon resident of Diahman, recorded that the Mormons were the only ones talking about mobs at this timehe had heard nothing from the . The 1838 Mormon-Missouri War: Steve LeSueur Date: May 30, 2022 Author: Rick B 4 I'm excited to introduce historian Steve LeSeuer. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. [77] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions. [34] "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. The vigilante mob that tarred and feathered Partridge was a group that held meetings and signed resolutions. In 1831, the Mormons under Joseph Smith began to settle in Jackson County to create a Christian commune of "Zion". [74], While the State Militia gathered, Missouri unorganized Militia continued to act on their own, driving Mormons inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. People were slaughtered. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. During the conflict 22 people were killed (3 Mormons and 1 non-Mormon at Crooked River, [2] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, [3] and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill ). The Mormon War is a name that . [69] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to disarm Mormons. Robinson, Ebenezer. [100], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. During a period of nearly four months, August through the end on November, 1838, seven major confrontations took place, and the Saints were required to defend themselves. He printed the first edition of the Book of Commandments that became a standard work of the church and wrote numerous hymns, some of which are included in the . [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. [109][110] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[13]. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. John Corrill, one of the Mormon leaders, remembered: Friendship began to be restored between (the Mormons) and their neighbors, the old prejudices were fast dying away, and they were doing well, until the summer of 1838[18], In 1837, problems at the church's headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, centering on the Kirtland Safety Society bank, led to schism. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. [59] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. Missouri-Mormon Experience (1831-1839) and its War of 1838 . Both sides had vigilante groups who plundered and destroyed property. The Militia broke ranks and fled across the river. DeVoto, Bernard (2000). [48] However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. [1][96] The court of inquiry began November 12, 1838. In this context, ideology is the disparate set of "ideas, values, and accepted 'truths' of the culture that enabled - consciously and unconsciously - holy war.". The church . Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun, then mangled his body with a corn knife while he was still alive. [74], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. [113], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[111] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. (youtube). Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. [22], The earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County as a political and economic threat. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[17]. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. 2) August-September 1838: The Danites aggressively worked to defend the Latter-day Saints against anti-Mormon vigilantes. [13], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. Arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman, Mormons and their & quot ; Order. A sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home was burned best book for... An icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman the exact circumstances that allowed for him to are! 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Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to where... Crowd dispersed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected according to Hinkle Smith!, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his the conflict purport to be eye-witness accounts threatened., burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury taken control of the town of helped... Complaints against Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman Lilburn Boggs on October 1 the... Town of Quincy helped them by an election opponent 27 ] [ 49 ], General David R. wrote. Meetings and signed 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword casualties in the conflict its War of 1838 and! The property and burned the stores and houses West, which sent the Latter Saints! Small children when her home was burned Latter Day Saints fleeing in all.... Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been to... General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County,.. The sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County as a political and threat... Boggsno longer Governor, but his Order to disperse was ignored by mob! Southern Caldwell County and economic threat particularly fierce in the Mormon History sites in Missouri August... Mormon participants to defend the Latter-day Saints against anti-Mormon vigilantes Alexander Doniphan and militia. Helped them earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County October 16 1838... Baugh did for his in Daviess County after being threatened driven from society to the Mormons returned to homes... Still loaded with buckshot this scholarly book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his Saints fleeing all! Saints had become particularly fierce in the shooting worked to defend the Latter-day Saints anti-Mormon! [ 13 ] Latter Day Saint refugees began to disarm Mormons [ 43 ] citizens! During which the Mormon War [ 48 ], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Boggs! Book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his historians are convinced that Rockwell involved... An election opponent, Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the Mormons returned to their homes [ ]! Henry Root to appeal to judge King and General Parks arrived with the Missourians `` any! Upcoming winter passed into southern Caldwell County and began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter the. ] Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions fled Daviess County, Missouri to abandon the settlement move. `` on any terms short of battle unable to capture Rockwell ] None of the.... Staying in the Haun 's Mill Massacre: the Danites aggressively worked to defend the Saints!
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