However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. [7] The economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. At the state level, the pattern of split-ticket voting and divided government holds. [46] In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. Browse by Montana counties. Senator in 1978). Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. [190], On January 3, 2012, the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) at the Montana Department of Commerce estimated Montana had hit the one million population mark sometime between November and December 2011. On January 15, 1972, a chinook wind blew in and the temperature rose from 54 to 49F (47.8 to 9.4C). Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. Voters turned down a new convention in 1990 (84 percent no)[314] and again in 2010 (58.6 percent no). [11], The name was changed by representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". [143] The Yellowstone joins the Missouri in North Dakota just east of Fort Union. [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and more than 57,000 joined up before the war ended. Tracks of the Great Northern Railroad (GNR) reached eastern Montana in 1887 and when they reached the northern Rocky Mountains in 1890, the GNR became a significant promoter of tourism to Glacier National Park region. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. [289], Montana had a suicide rate of 26.1 per 100,000 in 2020, which is the 3rd-highest among U.S. states; high suicide rates are common among sparsely-populated states in the United States Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. Montana's at-large congressional district holds the largest population of any district in the country, which means its one member in the House of Representatives represents more people than any other member of the U.S. House (see List of U.S. states by population). 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. Extreme hot weather is less common above 4,000 feet or 1,200 meters. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to "prove up" on a claim to three years. [45], In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began to promote settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. Routes 2 and 12 and Montana Highway 200 also traverse the entire state from east to west. Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. [21] The Montana Historical Society, founded on February 2, 1865, in Virginia City, is the oldest such institution west of the Mississippi (excluding Louisiana). [311] In 1992, voters approved a constitutional amendment implementing term limits for certain statewide elected executive branch offices (governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state auditor, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction) and for members of the Montana Legislature. This caused great hardship for farmers, ranchers, and miners. [229], As of 2020[update], the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Montana's state product was $51.91 billion (47th in the nation) and per capita personal income was $41,280 (37th in the nation)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Personal Income for Montana". Email agent. [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). In 1941, as she had in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. [77][78] The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the state's south-central part are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. On November 8, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the union's 41st state. [168] An area southwest of Belfry averaged only 6.59 inches (167mm) over a 16-year period. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley,[243] Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. [111] Foothill regions are often covered in weathered stone or broken slate, or consist of uncovered bare rock (usually igneous, quartzite, sandstone, or shale). In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. View Montana Towns By Population. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. The Clark Fork of the Columbia (not to be confused with the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River) rises near Butte[123] and flows northwest to Missoula, where it is joined by the Blackfoot River and Bitterroot River. New - 6 hours ago. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. [59], In the wake of the legislative action in 1918, emotions rose. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. [141] It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. The state also has a small Mtis population and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana. Montana cities map. [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. In 1870, the non-Indian population of the Montana Territory was 20,595. Senators serve four-year terms, while Representatives serve two-year terms. Image: pxfuel 1. However, public opinion grew increasingly negative towards them in the 1890s, and nearly half of the state's Asian population left by 1900. Image: pxfuel 1. [199] Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7%), Havre (13.0%), Great Falls (5.0%), Billings (4.4%), and Anaconda (3.1%) had the greatest percentages of Native American residents in 2010. The health care, service, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. [279] Yellowstone National Park also allows cross-country skiing. The District Courts also have de novo appellate jurisdiction from inferior courts (city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts), and oversee naturalization proceedings. Neither justices nor the clerk is term-limited. Its decisions may be appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. They say it will stay with you forever. Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, larch, spruce, aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder, rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. March 2 March 4, 2023. [238] Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis that delayed the construction of the railroad into Montana. It is one of five states to have no sales tax.[317]. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. [285] Equestrian skijoring has a niche in Montana, which hosts the World Skijoring Championships in Whitefish as part of the annual Whitefish Winter Carnival. The war created a boom for Montana mining, lumber, and farming interests, as demand for war materials and food increased. Spending on state supreme court races exponentially increased to $1.6million in 2014, and to more than $1.6million in 2016 (both new records). This pattern shifted, beginning with the 1988 election when Montana elected a Republican governor for the first time since 1964 and sent a Republican to the U.S. Senate for the first time since 1948. Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. According to the 2000 census, 94.8% of the population aged five and older speak English at home. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. Still, the state's most important eastwest travel corridor, the route is today served by Interstate 90 and Interstate 94 which roughly follow the same route as the Northern Pacific. [175][176] The warmer winters in the region have allowed various species to expand their ranges and proliferate. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. Complicating the wartime struggles, the 1918 influenza epidemic claimed the lives of more than 5,000 Montanans. [122] If Hudson Bay is considered part of the Arctic Ocean, Triple Divide Peak is the only place on Earth with drainage to three different oceans. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the settler would own the land. Its capital is Helena. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. [161][a] Since re-introduction the gray wolf population has stabilized at about 900 animals, and they have been delisted as endangered. [184] Based on 2013 census numbers, they contain 35 percent of Montana's population,[185] and the counties in which they are located are home to 62 percent of the state's population.[186]. Operated by the National Park Service, it is a 1,900-acre (7.7km2) working ranch.[35]. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. [30] Nelson Story brought the first Texas Longhorn cattle into the territory in 1866. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business [120][121] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana's House district is the largest congressional district in the United States by population, with just over 1,023,000 constituents. [55] Then, the droughts of 19171921 proved devastating. With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2),[1] Montana is slightly larger than Japan. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main transcontinental route incorporating the former Great Northern main line across the state. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. The richest of all gold placer diggings was discovered at Alder Gulch, where the town of Virginia City was established. [117] Paleontologist Jack Horner of the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman brought this formation to the world's attention with several major finds.[118]. This article in a Butte newspaper celebrates "the blessings of true citizenship". [300][301] Montana's other major airports include Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. Gold rushes to the region commenced in earnest starting in 1862. [172] The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. [310], The 1972 constitution has been amended 31 times as of 2015. [228] In 2014, 30% of the population was irreligious, and in 2020's separate study, 34% of the population were irreligious. Elementary and secondary education are overseen by the Office of Public Instruction (led by the elected superintendent of public instruction), in cooperation with the governor-appointed Board of Public Education. [201], The Chinese in Montana, while a low percentage today, have been a historically important presence. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. [93] It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high. It is the second-largest House district by area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. [284], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. The court hears cases arising under the Montana Workers' Compensation Act and is the court of original jurisdiction for reviews of orders and regulations issued by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. [173] Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. U.S. Attorney Burton K. Wheeler and several district court judges who hesitated to prosecute or convict people brought up on charges were strongly criticized. Montana's Senate district is the fourth largest by area, behind Alaska, Texas, and California. [282] West Yellowstone offers a large selection of trails and is the primary starting point for snowmobile trips into Yellowstone National Park,[283] where "oversnow" vehicle use is strictly limited, usually to guided tours, and regulations are in considerable flux. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state and Montana is home to three independent teams, all members of the Pioneer League: the Billings Mustangs, Great Falls Voyagers, and Missoula PaddleHeads. Everyone wants the money and Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. [84] Other major mountain ranges west of the divide include the Cabinet Mountains, the Anaconda Range, the Missions, the Garnet Range, the Sapphire Mountains, and the Flint Creek Range. Montana eventually became home to the largest ICBM field in the U.S. covering 23,500 square miles (61,000km2).[74]. The U.S. Constitution provides each state with two senators. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Mountain ranges can accumulate 300 inches or 7.62 meters of snow during a winter. Beginning in 1919, Montana moved to district, rather than at-large, elections for its two House members. In late 1962, missiles assigned to the 341st Strategic Missile Wing played a major role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. EXECUTIVE MANSION, She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. [271], Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. [59] In the wake of ramped-up mine production and the Speculator Mine disaster in June 1917,[59] Industrial Workers of the World organizer Frank Little arrived in Butte to organize miners. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? They consist of a chief probation officer, one or more juvenile probation officers, and support staff. Routes 87, 89, 93 and 191. Sarah Raymond was paid $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. Major events include: There are no major league sports franchises in Montana due to the state's relatively small and dispersed population, but a number of minor league teams play in the state. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large valleys. [222] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. [204] Today, the Missoula area has a large Hmong population[205] and the nearly 3,000 Montanans who claim Filipino ancestry are the largest Asian-American group in the state. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. Image: pxfuel 1. Montana Shakespeare in the Parks has been performing free, live theatrical productions of Shakespeare and other classics throughout Montana and the Northwest region since 1973. Still, there are some spots that stand out. [223] The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. The constitution of 1889 provided for the election of no fewer than three Supreme Court justices, and one chief justice. [326], In a 2020 study, Montana was ranked as the 21st easiest state for citizens to vote in. 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